Vibrio xuii

  • Not a proven pathogen

Overview

Vibrio xuii is a Gram-negative marine bacterium first described in 2003 from marine aquaculture environments. Originally isolated from shrimp culture water, white shrimp, and bivalve larvae, this species has been identified across various aquaculture settings including shrimp nurseries and marine waters. While V. xuii is commonly found in aquaculture environments, its specific pathogenic role remains unclear, though its presence in antibiotic-resistant bacterial communities raises concerns for aquaculture management.

Affected species (hosts)

Primary Aquaculture Hosts:

  • White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) – isolated from cultured specimens
  • Bivalve larvae – found in nursery environments
  • Various marine fish species in aquaculture
  • Rotifers – identified in culture systems

Environmental Presence:

  • Shrimp post-larvae (PL) nurseries
  • Marine aquaculture water systems
  • Various aquaculture environments across multiple species

Pathogenicity and Environmental Distribution

Unclear Pathogenic Role. Current research has not established V. xuii as a confirmed pathogen, though it is consistently found in aquaculture environments. While other Vibrio species are well-known pathogens, V. xuii’s specific disease-causing potential requires further investigation.

Antibiotic Resistance Concerns: V. xuii has been identified among antibiotic-resistant bacterial communities in shrimp nurseries, particularly in Bangladesh aquaculture systems. This resistance pattern suggests potential challenges for treatment if pathogenicity is confirmed.

Geographic Distribution: V. xuii has been documented in marine aquaculture systems across different regions, including South China (Dongshan Bay) and Bangladesh shrimp nurseries. Its widespread presence suggests adaptation to various aquaculture conditions.

Community Dynamics: Studies show V. xuii as part of diverse Vibrio communities in aquaculture waters, with seasonal and spatial variation in abundance. Understanding these community dynamics is important for overall aquaculture health management.

Management and Prevention Strategies

Risk Assessment: Since there is no evidence that V. xuii poses a threat to saltwater aquarium organisms, we have no management suggestions for this species.

V. xuii in reef tanks

Prevalence

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Looking at how common this pathogen is in other tanks can help you gauge whether finding it in your tank is expected or unusual.

Abundance Distribution

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Comparing the levels of this pathogen in your tank with those found in other tanks provides a context for interpreting your test results.

References

Thompson, F., et al. (2003). Vibrio neptunius sp. nov., Vibrio brasiliensis sp. nov. and Vibrio xuii sp. nov., isolated from the marine aquaculture environment (bivalves, fish, rotifers and shrimps). International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, 53(1), 245-252. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.02447-0

Yasin, A., et al. (2022). Molecular identification and antibiotic resistance patterns of diverse bacteria associated with shrimp PL nurseries of Bangladesh: suspecting Acinetobacter venetianus as future threat. PeerJ, 10, e12808. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12808

Xu, W., et al. (2020). Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Vibrio Communities and Abundance in Dongshan Bay, South of China. Frontiers in Microbiology, 11, 575287. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2020.575287

Travers, M.A., et al. (2015). Bacterial diseases in marine bivalves. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 131, 11-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2015.07.010

Dubert, J., et al. (2017). New Insights into Pathogenic Vibrios Affecting Bivalves in Hatcheries: Present and Future Prospects. Frontiers in Microbiology, 8, 762. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.00762